Babies
Extensive research shows that DHA and the omega-6 called arachidonic acid (AA) are essential for healthy eye and brain development. This is why AA and DHA are now added to the best brands of infant formula.

Further reading: DHA and human infants

Expectant mothers
Much of the DHA in the structure of babies’ brains and eyes is laid down during the last three months of pregnancy and during this period the tissue reserves of DHA in the pregnant woman are under increased pressure. So eating more DHA may be of particular value at this time. One negative factor to consider is the recent advice from the UK Food Standards Agency:

‘The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is advising pregnant and breastfeeding women, and women who intend to become pregnant, to limit their consumption of tuna to no more than two medium-size cans or one fresh tuna steak per week. These women are also advised to avoid eating shark, swordfish and marlin’.

The aim is to reduce the risk of excessive mercury intake since small but significant levels have been detected in these fish. There is no such risk in consuming the new DHA-enriched foods because they are fortified with natural tuna oil that has been refined and rigorously tested to ensure purity and freedom from environmental contamination.

Further reading: DHA in pregnancy

Breast-feeding mothers
Breast milk contains small but important levels of DHA and its level reflects the level of DHA intake by the mother. Japanese women who eat more fish have more than twice the level of DHA in their breast milk compared to British women.

Further reading: DHA in breast milk 

Children
Scientists are now investigating the possibility that children’s diets can influence their behaviour. DHA as well as AA and EPA are a particular focus of attention because of indications that their consumption may help to control attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Such nutrients are also available in supplements aimed at the treatment of dyslexia and increasing children’s concentration levels.

Further reading: Behavioural disorders, impulsivity and violent behaviour

Adults
A range of studies indicates a possible correlation between low DHA intake and the incidence of depression. Furthermore, DHA and EPA can help to maintain a healthy heart and so government advisers around the world now recommend increased intake of these nutrients.

Further reading: Depression

Seniors
Studies of European diets have shown that higher levels of DHA and EPA consumption in the form of fish are correlated with a reduced risk of dementia.

Further reading: Dementia